综述:实验室模拟研究大气二次有机气溶胶的形成 - 大气化学与全球气候变化

大气中SOA是由其前体物VOCs经过在大气中的化学转化形成的颗粒态有机物,对天气、气候、大气环境以及人体健康都有重要影响,但目前对其化学组成及其形成过程还认识很不足,因而围绕SOA的研究是目前大气化学、大气环境和天气气候研究中的一个重要研究领域。本文就过去几十年来实验室研究SOA形成过程的工作,特别是近5年我国科研工作者所做的研究工作做了概要性的综述,重点以烟雾箱系统的研究成果进行较系统的分析总结。在概要论述了我国科研单位在发展烟雾箱系统和其表征研究后,重点就萜烯物、苯系物、小分子等VOCs形成SOA的模拟研究进行了总结分析,明确了我国在这些研究方向中所取得的科研成果。可以预料,在未来的研究中,我国学者不仅在学术上会对国际社会做出贡献,也会对我国大气环境质量的改善作出贡献。笔者以为,我们在以下的某些研究方面取得了进展,可望在今后会有更大的进展。

SOA的前体物不断扩大,10多年前认识到异戊二烯是SOA前体物,随后苯也被认为是SOA的前体物,到目前已明确一些小分子VOCs在特定的条件下也是SOA的前体物,在不久的将来对SOA前体物的认知方面会取得更大的进展。

SOA形成机制的认识取得了很大的进展,在对早期均相反应转化形成低挥发性有机物、产物的气粒转化、成核,以及非均相反应的认识进一步完善的基础上,还进一步认识到了Criegee自由基参与的氧化过程、低聚化过程、缩合过程,以及液相中的多种化学过程的重要性。

尽管我们已经认识到了种子颗粒物在SOA形成中的重要作用,他们不仅是作为持有液态水的介质,而且在特定的条件下会参与到SOA的形成过程中,并作为SOA的化学成分存在在SOA中,但至今对种子如何参与到SOA形成过程的具体细节还不十分了解。

在非均相反应中介质的酸度及离子强度对SOA形成的作用早就认识到,但至今仍有较大的争议,特别是颗粒表面酸催化问题,因其实际测量的困难该类研究仍有待于今后进一步的深入。

无机气体(SO2、NO2、NH3等)在VOCs形成SOA中的作用近几年得到了更进一步的认识,已认识到它们与有机物之间在非均相反应中的相互作用,但确切的机制还有待于进一步推究。

大气环境是一个复杂的多相体系,要准确预报未来空气质量,准确的化学机制是基础,为了更实际地模拟大气环境中化学物种的演变过程,实验室的模拟体系也需要不断完善。使用实际环境空气作反应体系的背景气和以汽车尾气为研究对象,这样的研究已取得了很多有益的启示,也为实验室模拟研究大气中SOA的形成过程提供了十分有意义的参考。

引用:徐永福,贾龙.2018.实验室模拟研究大气二次有机气溶胶的形成[J].大气科学, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1805.17251

Abstract:
Secondary organic aerosol is one the important components of aerosols, and formed from the chemical conversion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere, which has a great influence on the weather and climate, atmospheric environment and human health. However, so far the exact chemical composition and formation mechanism of SOA are still not clear. The approaches for the study of SOA often include the simulation study of chemical conversion processes of individual species or multiple species in the laboratory, the observational study of the chemical composition, sources and sinks, and multiple scale analysis of SOA from the real atmosphere, and the hindcast and prediction studies of formation of SOA in the atmosphere in terms of numerical simulations. Laboratory studies are a main tool for obtaining basic parameters of SOA formation and for examining the formation mechanism of SOA. Over the last few decades, particularly in the recent five years, great progress has been made in the research of formation of SOA, including the further understanding of SOA precursors, formation mechanisms of SOA and its influencing factors. This paper briefly reviews the progress on these aspects, and puts emphasis on the research work by Chinese researchers. In the study of SOA with indoor chamber system in the laboratory, development and characterization of chamber system is summarized. The wall effects related to the chamber reactor are discussed. The research progress on the formation of SOA from the conversion of different kinds of organic species, such as terpenes, aromatics, light-weight molecules, are emphatically reviewed. In the study of SOA by flow reactors and other reactors, the main chemical composition and the role of SOA formed from VOCs on the surface of particles and in the liquid phase are particularly described.

Citation:Xu yongfu, Jia Long.2018.Simulation studies of formation of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere in the laboratory[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1805.17251

Tags: SOA, smog chamber

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